What are the effects and solutions of sexual violence to victims?
2. Post a working outline (2%) Oct 5
#Introduction
Why is sexual assault called "soul murder"?
3 reasons; hurting physically, hurting mentally, disadvantage for social life
Data of the number of the victims,
#1st about the cases of physical hurt
#2nd about the cases of mentally hurt
#3rd about the cases of disadvantages for social life
#Conclusion
How to improve the support system and conditions surrounding victims.
sufficient mental treatment, social awareness of the victims of sexual violence, to be someone who hears of the voice of victims and is beside her/him.
3. Find keywords (1%) Oct 5
List 15 keywords to prepare for your research
soul murder, survivors, offenders, damage physically and mentally, post traumatic stress disorder, bias, hard to tell someone,
destroy her/his social life, spend money for recovery, domestic violence, sexual abuse for children, dating rape,
rape crisis center, second rape that results in imcomprehension, support system for recovery, awareness in our society,
criminal suit, relapse prevention for offenders, Megan' s Law, The Clothesline Project, shame, guilt, regret, remorse,
"It's not your cause." "You are not alone"
4. Find and evaluate 2-3 web sources (3%) Oct 9
1. The United States Census Bureau. (2012). Crimes and Crime Rates by Type of Offense.
Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0306.pdf
(reason) This is the official data of the US Census Bureau and is uploaded on the official website of the Bureau.
2. D. Kilpatrick. (2010). Rape in the United States; The Chronic Failure to Report and Investigate Rape Cases.
Retrieved from http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/10-09-14KilpatrickTestimony.pdf
(reason) Dean is a psychiatrist and is recognised as an authority of rape victims study. He is a prpfessor of National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVC) in Medical University of South Carolina. He has been involved in rape victims study and movement for the enpowering victims over 30 years. He testified how many people are assaulted per year and the fact that victims have a lot of difficulties in their life at the the Senate Committee in 2010.
3. Official website of Nobuko Oyabu Retrieved from http://nobukoonline.com/en/stand/index.html
(reason)Nobuko Oyabu is a photo journalist and a survivor of sexual violence living in Virginia, the US. After overcoming the trauma, she started a campaign called "Project STAND". In this project, she takes pictures of another victims' portraits and exhibits them in the US and Japan. She has spoken about her own experience in public and represented the opinions of hidden victims for 7 years. She is one of the most famous and courageous survivors.
4. Official website of RAINN (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network in the US)
Retrieved from http://www.rainn.org/get-information
(reason) RAINN is one of the most famous nonprofit organization that deals with support for victims of child abuse or sexual assault in the US. The official website contains a lot of clear and various information; the effect of sexual assault, statistics and their tasks such as sexual assault emergency hotline. This organization has global networks to communicate and cooperate. According to the website, the amount of donation is lanked within top 100 in the US. These points show the important role and reliability of this NPO.
5. W.S. DeKeseredy. (2011). Violence Against Women; UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
(reason) Mr. DeKeseredy is a professor of University of Ontario. According to the official website of the university, he is the sociologist and his main interests are Criminology and women abuse. In his Linked-in website, it is said that he published 16 books and wrote over 100 journal articles and capters of books focused on violence against women and social problems. I can find a lot of sources about him and another website of University of Ohio that he belonged before showed the same description. I think this book contains diversified points and deep, overall examination about sexual violence to women. Therefore, I suppose this book can be a reliable source for my research paper.
6. The official website of International Association of Forensic Nurse (IAFN)
Retrieved from http://www.iafn.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=546
(Reason) This is the official website of IAFN concering with the training SANE nurses. The website introduce the roles of SANE nurse clearly. In addition, it demonstrates why SANE nurses are required for victims of sexual violence and child abuse.For example, the website point out SANE nurses have to deal with the victims who were hurt physically and mentaly. It is clear that the association is the authority of forensic nurse internationally. That's why I suppose the website is useful and reliable.
7. Official website of National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Retrieved from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/NCVS/
(reaon) NCVS is the primary source of information on criminal victimization. It is administrated by the US Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data has been gatherd since 1973 and the survey enable to estimate the likelihood of victimization by rape or another assault. This is the largest forum for victims to describe the effect of crimes and the aspects of violent offenders in the US, too. As the data are used a lot of paper, books and official documents of the government.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
1. E. Suares and T. M. Gadella. (2010). Stop Blaming the Victim; A Meta-Analysis on Rape Myths.
Retrieved from http://tva.sagepub.com/content/13/1/3.full.pdf+html
(reason)
Ms Suares is an assistant professor of Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada and she focuses on trauma, violemce and resilience. Accrding to her profile of the university, she is an expert of social assistant work for women victims of violence and she tries to observe the environment of the care system for victims in broad point of view. Ms Gadella is a associate professor of University of Toronto. By her information on internet, her main interest is Women Study and she has been written a lot of paper related to women's mental illness. In general, I suppose it is enough to rely on this sourse.
2. S.E. Ullman. (2010). Talking about sexual assault; Society's response to survivors
Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/books/12083/
(reason)
Ms Ullman is a professor of climinology of the University of Illinois at Cichago. She has been focused on victims of sexual assault and child sexual abuse. She is one ofn the famous experts of rape survivors' study. According to her biography of the university, she wrote a lot of paper and her book is recommended on the official website of National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) in the US.
6. Revise your outline (2%) Oct 12
Sexual violence is often said “murder of soul” because of the serious effects to victims for the rest of their lives. According to the statistics in the US, it is estimated that the reported number of rape cases is about 90000 a year. (The US Census Bureau. 2012). On the other hand, according to Dr. Dean Kilpatrick, an authority of rape victims study, over 80 % of victims can't report to police because of shame and fear. (D.Kilpatrick. 2010.). Although government have improved the systems surrounding victims, it is difficult to change this situation. Referring to sexual violence, some are assaulted by familiar persons such as fathers, brothers, boyfriends or teachers and some are raped by unfamiliar offenders. In another point, some are abused in their childhood and some are assaulted in adulthood. As a result, most of victims suffer from some kinds of physical and mental diseases, lose their feelings and even kill themselves because of disappointment. Regardless of hardship of victims, the support systems like monetary assistance or psychotherapy are inefficient. In addition, the main problem is that the difficulties of victims aren’t recognized in our society. Ignorance about rape survivors often causes secondary damage. In other words, thoughtless words to them hurts their feelings badly. What are the difficulties of victims? There are 3 serious damages on victims; physical injury, mental traumas and disadvantages in social lives.
First of all, sexual violence do damage to victims’ bodies. Sexual abuse to children has bad influences on their brains and prevents them from healthy growth. In this case, violence confuses their senses of value and leads to chronic mental illness. The damage for adult includes the risk of pregnancy. Abortion can harm their bodies. In addition, sexual assault involves physical violence and some victims are found wounded badly. Therefore, specially-trained nurses called "SANE" are required to care victims properly and gather the sample evidence of offenders(The official website of IAFN). Needless to say, the roles of mental therapists are important. It is an established theory that the quick and appropriate management help them recover with less difficulty.
Second, the most serious effect is trauma called PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). The shocking experiences remain their memories everlastingly and cause flashback again and again. Though victims are innocent, they tend to accuse themselves of carelessness and feel themselves dirty. To make the matter worse, they have to testify terrible scenes to the detective, have to identify the offenders and have to be exposed on the criminal courts beside the offenders. Moreover, secondary damage of thoughtless words by people around them hurt their feelings. This is just the ignorance. It is evitable if only people understand the situation of victims.
Finally, the fact that they have difficulties in daily lives is apt to be overlooked in our society. Due to the symptom of PTSD, some victims can’t go out easily and are forced to quit their jobs in the end. Some have to change houses because they can’t endure the circumstances of remaining the tragic places. At last, they become too poor to live after the assault. In these ways, it is difficult for victims to get back their daily lives. The support systems of rehabilitation need to be improved more sufficiently.
In conclusion, rape victims have physical and mental hurt and try to survive after the worst experiences in their lives. However, some survivors rise against sexual violence and try to speak about their sufferings and feelings in order to promote awareness and to eradicate prejudice in our society in recent years. They all treat themselves as survivors instead of miserable victims and encourage another people who go through the same hardship. These brave actions are based on the wishes to make our society more tolerant toward survivors. The voices of them will promote to reform the support systems.
When facing with victims of sexual assault, what should we do? The only thing they want us is to be with them and to hear them. The words of "It's not your fault. You are not alone" will encourage them. The awareness and acceptance for survivors are required earnestly.
672 words
You may have to delete some points that you can't find any information to support; you may add some new points.
Provide in-text citations for your points
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
Sexual violence is often said “soul murder” because of the serious impacts on victims for the rest of their lives. According to the statistics in the US, it is estimated that the number of rape cases reported is about 90,000 a year. (The US Census Bureau, 2012). However, Dr. Dean Kilpatrick, an authority of rape victims’ study, insists that around 1 out of 6 women experience forcible rape in their lifetime, and over 80 % of victims can't report to police because of shame and fear. He also points out the possibility that over 800,000 women are forcibly raped a year in the US. (Kilpatrick, 2010). In addition, the statistics of Canada shows only 6 % of victims reported to police. (Suarez & Gadalla, 2010). On the whole, there are many hidden, non-reported rape victims without any help in our society.
Referring to sexual violence, over half of the rape victims are assaulted by familiar persons such as fathers, boyfriends or teachers. In another point, around 60% of victims are abused when they are younger than age 18. (Kilpatrick, 2010). Among the victims’ study experts, it is common that most of the victims suffer from physical and mental illness and even commit suicide because of the traumatic abuse. Regardless of hardship, the support systems such as monetary assistance or psychotherapy are insufficient. Furthermore, the main problem is that difficulties of victims are not recognized properly in our society. Ignorance and negative reactions to rape survivors cause secondary damage. In other words, thoughtless words hurts their feelings badly. (Ullman, 2010). In general, it is said that victims have 3 serious difficulties; physical injury, mental hurt and disadvantage in social lives. However, the appropriate measures and solutions are not understood socially.
First, sexual violence do damage to victims’ bodies. Sexual abuse to children has negative impacts on their brains and prevents them from healthy growth. In this case, violence confuses their senses of value and leads to chronic mental illness. (RAINN, n.d). The damage to adult includes the risk of pregnancy and affection of HIV and STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases). (Kilpatrick, 2010). Moreover, sexual assault involves physical violence and some victims are found badly wounded. In case that offenders threaten and control victims with intense violence, victims are often forced to endure the pain for several years without treatment. (RAINN, n.d).
Second, the most serious effect is trauma, also called PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). The shocking experiences remain in their memories undyingly and cause flashbacks again and again. Many victims suffer from various symptoms such as depression, eating disorder and self-injury. (RAINN, n.d). To make the matters worse, they have to testify on terrible scenes to police, identify offenders and be exposed on criminal courts. Through these experiences, they tend to accuse themselves of carelessness and treat themselves dirty. Furthermore, secondary attack of thoughtless words hurt their feelings. According to S. E. Ullman, an expert of rape survivors’ study, one third to two thirds of victims experience negative reactions such as victim blaming and disbelief. However, it is evitable if only people understand the situations of victims. Because of the fear of negative reactions, victims are obliged to hide their horrible experiences and hold sorrows by themselves. (Ullman, 2010). Unwillingness of disclosure leads to a vicious circle of non-report to police and failure to investigate the cases. (Kilpatrick, 2010).
Finally, the fact that they have difficulties in daily lives is apt to be treatment burden their household economy. Consequently, it is hard for victims to get back their daily lives. Improvement of support systems is an urgent issue around the world.
Are there any resources to help victims recover? For injured victims, specially trained forensic nurses called "SANE" work in developed countries. They provide primary care properly and gather the sample evidence of offenders with careful regard for nervous victims. (IAFN, n.d). As for mental treatment, rape crisis hotlines and advocators play important roles because they are likely to be the first contact places or persons. It is an established theory that quick and appropriate management help them recover with lesser difficulties. (RAINN, n.d). Referring to social support, in Canada, victims can take some public service such as monetary aid or usage of shelters. (DeKeserdy, 2011).
In conclusion, rape victims hold physical and mental hurt, and they also struggle to survive after the worst experiences. A recent act worthy of special mention is that some survivors rise against sexual violence and try to speak about their sufferings in public. The main purpose is promoting awareness and eradicating prejudice in our society. They all treat themselves as survivors instead of miserable victims and encourage those who go through the same hardship to join their advocacy. One of the courageous survivors is Nobuko Oyabu, a photojournalist in the US. After overcoming trauma, she started a campaign of "Project STAND". She takes pictures of victims and exhibits them in North America and Japan. She has spoken about her own experience and represented the opinions of silent victims for 7 years. (Oyabu, n.d).
Brave actions like Nobuko are based on wishes to make our society more tolerant toward survivors. Their voices will lead to reform the support systems and help increase public awareness. Governments should focus more on making policies for sexual assault prevention and conduct community outreach programs for broader awareness. We all have possibility of being assaulted and/or maybe encounter survivors. When we come face to face with these victims, what should we do? To sum up survivors’ and experts’ opinions, the only thing survivors want us is to be with them and to listen to them. The words of “It's not your fault” and “You are not alone" will inspire them. Awareness and acceptance for survivors are encouraged earnestly.
References
1. DeKeseredy, W.S. (2011). Violence Against Women: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
2. International Association of Forensic Nurse (IAFN). (n.d)
Summary of “what are the effects and solutions of sexual violence to victims?” written by Sakae
Recording to the research paper, sexual violence have been common in our world now. According to the US Census Bureau, the number of rape cases is around 90,000 a year. There are too many women had been raped in their lifetime, but they didn’t report to police because of shame and fear. Half of the rape victims are been attacked by their close people parents, boyfriends or teachers. It caused lots of harmful things. For example, it caused dangerous problems in the brain and the grown health.
Commentary:
The research paper was very clear and the introduction was clear too. The introduction is talking about interesting facts and statistics. Thesis was very clear and it is divided correctly. Body paragraph also clear and organized. Supporting details it was supports the topic sentence. Ideas are flowing very clearly. Writer used the transition words in very good way that’s really attracted me, and the writer also used a very good academic words that’s make the research paper looks very good and very clear. She also used the word forms perfectly. The essay was very clear and I didn’t see any mistakes. all the sentence was organized , but she made a very small mistake in one sentence. For example, the number of rape cases is around 90000 a year. She must to put comma between after 90 so it is going to be like that 90,000 that’s all, and the rest was very clear. She provides also in-text citations in a good way and there are references in the end.
Presentation Sheets of Survivors of Sexual Violence
Table of Contents
Copy of What are the Effects and Solutions of Sexual Violence to Victims? on Prezi
Steps to writing a research essay
1. Topic
What are the effects and solutions of sexual violence to victims?2. Post a working outline (2%) Oct 5
#Introduction
Why is sexual assault called "soul murder"?
3 reasons; hurting physically, hurting mentally, disadvantage for social life
Data of the number of the victims,
#1st about the cases of physical hurt
#2nd about the cases of mentally hurt
#3rd about the cases of disadvantages for social life
#Conclusion
How to improve the support system and conditions surrounding victims.
sufficient mental treatment, social awareness of the victims of sexual violence, to be someone who hears of the voice of victims and is beside her/him.
3. Find keywords (1%) Oct 5
- List 15 keywords to prepare for your research
soul murder, survivors, offenders, damage physically and mentally, post traumatic stress disorder, bias, hard to tell someone,destroy her/his social life, spend money for recovery, domestic violence, sexual abuse for children, dating rape,
rape crisis center, second rape that results in imcomprehension, support system for recovery, awareness in our society,
criminal suit, relapse prevention for offenders, Megan' s Law, The Clothesline Project, shame, guilt, regret, remorse,
"It's not your cause." "You are not alone"
4. Find and evaluate 2-3 web sources (3%) Oct 9
1. The United States Census Bureau. (2012). Crimes and Crime Rates by Type of Offense.
Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0306.pdf
(reason) This is the official data of the US Census Bureau and is uploaded on the official website of the Bureau.
2. D. Kilpatrick. (2010). Rape in the United States; The Chronic Failure to Report and Investigate Rape Cases.
Retrieved from http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/10-09-14KilpatrickTestimony.pdf
(reason) Dean is a psychiatrist and is recognised as an authority of rape victims study. He is a prpfessor of National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVC) in Medical University of South Carolina. He has been involved in rape victims study and movement for the enpowering victims over 30 years. He testified how many people are assaulted per year and the fact that victims have a lot of difficulties in their life at the the Senate Committee in 2010.
3. Official website of Nobuko Oyabu Retrieved from http://nobukoonline.com/en/stand/index.html
(reason)Nobuko Oyabu is a photo journalist and a survivor of sexual violence living in Virginia, the US. After overcoming the trauma, she started a campaign called "Project STAND". In this project, she takes pictures of another victims' portraits and exhibits them in the US and Japan. She has spoken about her own experience in public and represented the opinions of hidden victims for 7 years. She is one of the most famous and courageous survivors.
4. Official website of RAINN (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network in the US)
Retrieved from http://www.rainn.org/get-information
(reason) RAINN is one of the most famous nonprofit organization that deals with support for victims of child abuse or sexual assault in the US. The official website contains a lot of clear and various information; the effect of sexual assault, statistics and their tasks such as sexual assault emergency hotline. This organization has global networks to communicate and cooperate. According to the website, the amount of donation is lanked within top 100 in the US. These points show the important role and reliability of this NPO.
5. W.S. DeKeseredy. (2011). Violence Against Women; UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
(reason) Mr. DeKeseredy is a professor of University of Ontario. According to the official website of the university, he is the sociologist and his main interests are Criminology and women abuse. In his Linked-in website, it is said that he published 16 books and wrote over 100 journal articles and capters of books focused on violence against women and social problems. I can find a lot of sources about him and another website of University of Ohio that he belonged before showed the same description. I think this book contains diversified points and deep, overall examination about sexual violence to women. Therefore, I suppose this book can be a reliable source for my research paper.
6. The official website of International Association of Forensic Nurse (IAFN)
Retrieved from http://www.iafn.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=546
(Reason) This is the official website of IAFN concering with the training SANE nurses. The website introduce the roles of SANE nurse clearly. In addition, it demonstrates why SANE nurses are required for victims of sexual violence and child abuse.For example, the website point out SANE nurses have to deal with the victims who were hurt physically and mentaly. It is clear that the association is the authority of forensic nurse internationally. That's why I suppose the website is useful and reliable.
7. Official website of National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Retrieved from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/NCVS/
(reaon) NCVS is the primary source of information on criminal victimization. It is administrated by the US Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data has been gatherd since 1973 and the survey enable to estimate the likelihood of victimization by rape or another assault. This is the largest forum for victims to describe the effect of crimes and the aspects of violent offenders in the US, too. As the data are used a lot of paper, books and official documents of the government.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
1. E. Suares and T. M. Gadella. (2010). Stop Blaming the Victim; A Meta-Analysis on Rape Myths.Retrieved from http://tva.sagepub.com/content/13/1/3.full.pdf+html
(reason)
Ms Suares is an assistant professor of Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada and she focuses on trauma, violemce and resilience. Accrding to her profile of the university, she is an expert of social assistant work for women victims of violence and she tries to observe the environment of the care system for victims in broad point of view. Ms Gadella is a associate professor of University of Toronto. By her information on internet, her main interest is Women Study and she has been written a lot of paper related to women's mental illness. In general, I suppose it is enough to rely on this sourse.
2. S.E. Ullman. (2010). Talking about sexual assault; Society's response to survivors
Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/books/12083/
(reason)
Ms Ullman is a professor of climinology of the University of Illinois at Cichago. She has been focused on victims of sexual assault and child sexual abuse. She is one ofn the famous experts of rape survivors' study. According to her biography of the university, she wrote a lot of paper and her book is recommended on the official website of National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) in the US.
6. Revise your outline (2%) Oct 12
Sexual violence is often said “murder of soul” because of the serious effects to victims for the rest of their lives. According to the statistics in the US, it is estimated that the reported number of rape cases is about 90000 a year. (The US Census Bureau. 2012). On the other hand, according to Dr. Dean Kilpatrick, an authority of rape victims study, over 80 % of victims can't report to police because of shame and fear. (D.Kilpatrick. 2010.). Although government have improved the systems surrounding victims, it is difficult to change this situation. Referring to sexual violence, some are assaulted by familiar persons such as fathers, brothers, boyfriends or teachers and some are raped by unfamiliar offenders. In another point, some are abused in their childhood and some are assaulted in adulthood. As a result, most of victims suffer from some kinds of physical and mental diseases, lose their feelings and even kill themselves because of disappointment. Regardless of hardship of victims, the support systems like monetary assistance or psychotherapy are inefficient. In addition, the main problem is that the difficulties of victims aren’t recognized in our society. Ignorance about rape survivors often causes secondary damage. In other words, thoughtless words to them hurts their feelings badly. What are the difficulties of victims? There are 3 serious damages on victims; physical injury, mental traumas and disadvantages in social lives.
First of all, sexual violence do damage to victims’ bodies. Sexual abuse to children has bad influences on their brains and prevents them from healthy growth. In this case, violence confuses their senses of value and leads to chronic mental illness. The damage for adult includes the risk of pregnancy. Abortion can harm their bodies. In addition, sexual assault involves physical violence and some victims are found wounded badly. Therefore, specially-trained nurses called "SANE" are required to care victims properly and gather the sample evidence of offenders(The official website of IAFN). Needless to say, the roles of mental therapists are important. It is an established theory that the quick and appropriate management help them recover with less difficulty.
Second, the most serious effect is trauma called PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). The shocking experiences remain their memories everlastingly and cause flashback again and again. Though victims are innocent, they tend to accuse themselves of carelessness and feel themselves dirty. To make the matter worse, they have to testify terrible scenes to the detective, have to identify the offenders and have to be exposed on the criminal courts beside the offenders. Moreover, secondary damage of thoughtless words by people around them hurt their feelings. This is just the ignorance. It is evitable if only people understand the situation of victims.
Finally, the fact that they have difficulties in daily lives is apt to be overlooked in our society. Due to the symptom of PTSD, some victims can’t go out easily and are forced to quit their jobs in the end. Some have to change houses because they can’t endure the circumstances of remaining the tragic places. At last, they become too poor to live after the assault. In these ways, it is difficult for victims to get back their daily lives. The support systems of rehabilitation need to be improved more sufficiently.
In conclusion, rape victims have physical and mental hurt and try to survive after the worst experiences in their lives. However, some survivors rise against sexual violence and try to speak about their sufferings and feelings in order to promote awareness and to eradicate prejudice in our society in recent years. They all treat themselves as survivors instead of miserable victims and encourage another people who go through the same hardship. These brave actions are based on the wishes to make our society more tolerant toward survivors. The voices of them will promote to reform the support systems.
When facing with victims of sexual assault, what should we do? The only thing they want us is to be with them and to hear them. The words of "It's not your fault. You are not alone" will encourage them. The awareness and acceptance for survivors are required earnestly.
672 words
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
Sexual violence is often said “soul murder” because of the serious impacts on victims for the rest of their lives. According to the statistics in the US, it is estimated that the number of rape cases reported is about 90,000 a year. (The US Census Bureau, 2012). However, Dr. Dean Kilpatrick, an authority of rape victims’ study, insists that around 1 out of 6 women experience forcible rape in their lifetime, and over 80 % of victims can't report to police because of shame and fear. He also points out the possibility that over 800,000 women are forcibly raped a year in the US. (Kilpatrick, 2010). In addition, the statistics of Canada shows only 6 % of victims reported to police. (Suarez & Gadalla, 2010). On the whole, there are many hidden, non-reported rape victims without any help in our society.
Referring to sexual violence, over half of the rape victims are assaulted by familiar persons such as fathers, boyfriends or teachers. In another point, around 60% of victims are abused when they are younger than age 18. (Kilpatrick, 2010). Among the victims’ study experts, it is common that most of the victims suffer from physical and mental illness and even commit suicide because of the traumatic abuse. Regardless of hardship, the support systems such as monetary assistance or psychotherapy are insufficient. Furthermore, the main problem is that difficulties of victims are not recognized properly in our society. Ignorance and negative reactions to rape survivors cause secondary damage. In other words, thoughtless words hurts their feelings badly. (Ullman, 2010). In general, it is said that victims have 3 serious difficulties; physical injury, mental hurt and disadvantage in social lives. However, the appropriate measures and solutions are not understood socially.
First, sexual violence do damage to victims’ bodies. Sexual abuse to children has negative impacts on their brains and prevents them from healthy growth. In this case, violence confuses their senses of value and leads to chronic mental illness. (RAINN, n.d). The damage to adult includes the risk of pregnancy and affection of HIV and STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases). (Kilpatrick, 2010). Moreover, sexual assault involves physical violence and some victims are found badly wounded. In case that offenders threaten and control victims with intense violence, victims are often forced to endure the pain for several years without treatment. (RAINN, n.d).
Second, the most serious effect is trauma, also called PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). The shocking experiences remain in their memories undyingly and cause flashbacks again and again. Many victims suffer from various symptoms such as depression, eating disorder and self-injury. (RAINN, n.d). To make the matters worse, they have to testify on terrible scenes to police, identify offenders and be exposed on criminal courts. Through these experiences, they tend to accuse themselves of carelessness and treat themselves dirty. Furthermore, secondary attack of thoughtless words hurt their feelings. According to S. E. Ullman, an expert of rape survivors’ study, one third to two thirds of victims experience negative reactions such as victim blaming and disbelief. However, it is evitable if only people understand the situations of victims. Because of the fear of negative reactions, victims are obliged to hide their horrible experiences and hold sorrows by themselves. (Ullman, 2010). Unwillingness of disclosure leads to a vicious circle of non-report to police and failure to investigate the cases. (Kilpatrick, 2010).
Finally, the fact that they have difficulties in daily lives is apt to be treatment burden their household economy. Consequently, it is hard for victims to get back their daily lives. Improvement of support systems is an urgent issue around the world.
Are there any resources to help victims recover? For injured victims, specially trained forensic nurses called "SANE" work in developed countries. They provide primary care properly and gather the sample evidence of offenders with careful regard for nervous victims. (IAFN, n.d). As for mental treatment, rape crisis hotlines and advocators play important roles because they are likely to be the first contact places or persons. It is an established theory that quick and appropriate management help them recover with lesser difficulties. (RAINN, n.d). Referring to social support, in Canada, victims can take some public service such as monetary aid or usage of shelters. (DeKeserdy, 2011).
In conclusion, rape victims hold physical and mental hurt, and they also struggle to survive after the worst experiences. A recent act worthy of special mention is that some survivors rise against sexual violence and try to speak about their sufferings in public. The main purpose is promoting awareness and eradicating prejudice in our society. They all treat themselves as survivors instead of miserable victims and encourage those who go through the same hardship to join their advocacy. One of the courageous survivors is Nobuko Oyabu, a photojournalist in the US. After overcoming trauma, she started a campaign of "Project STAND". She takes pictures of victims and exhibits them in North America and Japan. She has spoken about her own experience and represented the opinions of silent victims for 7 years. (Oyabu, n.d).
Brave actions like Nobuko are based on wishes to make our society more tolerant toward survivors. Their voices will lead to reform the support systems and help increase public awareness. Governments should focus more on making policies for sexual assault prevention and conduct community outreach programs for broader awareness. We all have possibility of being assaulted and/or maybe encounter survivors. When we come face to face with these victims, what should we do? To sum up survivors’ and experts’ opinions, the only thing survivors want us is to be with them and to listen to them. The words of “It's not your fault” and “You are not alone" will inspire them. Awareness and acceptance for survivors are encouraged earnestly.
References
1. DeKeseredy, W.S. (2011). Violence Against Women: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
2. International Association of Forensic Nurse (IAFN). (n.d)
Retrieved from http://www.iafn.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=546
3. Kilpatrick, D. (2010). Rape in the United States; The Chronic Failure to Report and Investigate Rape Cases.
Retrieved from http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/10-09-14KilpatrickTestimony.pdf
4. Nobuko Oyabu. (n.d)
Retrieved from http://nobukoonline.com/en/stand/index.html
5. RAINN (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network in the US). (n.d)
Retrieved from http://www.rainn.org/get-information
6. Suares, E and Gadella, T.M. (2010). Stop Blaming the Victim; A Meta-Analysis on Rape Myths.
Retrieved from http://tva.sagepub.com/content/13/1/3.full.pdf+html
7. The United States Census Bureau. (2012). Crimes and Crime Rates by Type of Offense.
Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0306.pdf
8. Ullman, S.E. (2010). Talking about sexual assault; Society's response to survivors
Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/books/12083/
Summary and Commentary by TK
Summary of “what are the effects and solutions of sexual violence to victims?” written by Sakae
Recording to the research paper, sexual violence have been common in our world now. According to the US Census Bureau, the number of rape cases is around 90,000 a year. There are too many women had been raped in their lifetime, but they didn’t report to police because of shame and fear. Half of the rape victims are been attacked by their close people parents, boyfriends or teachers. It caused lots of harmful things. For example, it caused dangerous problems in the brain and the grown health.
Commentary:
The research paper was very clear and the introduction was clear too. The introduction is talking about interesting facts and statistics. Thesis was very clear and it is divided correctly. Body paragraph also clear and organized. Supporting details it was supports the topic sentence. Ideas are flowing very clearly. Writer used the transition words in very good way that’s really attracted me, and the writer also used a very good academic words that’s make the research paper looks very good and very clear. She also used the word forms perfectly. The essay was very clear and I didn’t see any mistakes. all the sentence was organized , but she made a very small mistake in one sentence. For example, the number of rape cases is around 90000 a year. She must to put comma between after 90 so it is going to be like that 90,000 that’s all, and the rest was very clear. She provides also in-text citations in a good way and there are references in the end.
Presentation Sheets of Survivors of Sexual Violence
http://prezi.com/kwrz07xmiml2/copy-of-what-are-the-effects-and-solutions-of-sexual-violence-to-victims/